The HSPD1 gene encodes a protein known as HSP60 or Hsp60, also commonly referred to as Cpn60. This protein is a molecular chaperone typically localized inside mitochondria where it forms a chaperoning machine with HSP10 (encoded by the HSPE1 gene), also called Cpn10, to assist protein folding inside the organelle. Hsp60 also occurs in the cytosol, plasma-cell membrane, intercellular space, and blood. Its functions in all these extramitochondrial locations are poorly understood. While the canonical functions of Hsp60 are considered to be cytoprotective, anti-stress and maintenance of protein homeostasis, other roles are currently being investigated. For example, Hsp60 participates in the pathogenesis of diseases in various ways in certain types of cancer, and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune pathological conditions. These are considered chaperonopathies by mistake, in which a normal chaperone (normal at least as far as it can be determined by current methods to study the structure of a molecule available only at extremely low concentrations and quantities) turns against the organism instead of protecting it, favouring the growth and dissemination of cancer cells, or the initiation-progression of inflammation, for instance. In addition, Hsp60 mutations cause at least two types of severe genetic chaperonopathies. All this knowledge is expanding nowadays clearly pointing to Hsp60 as a potential target for chaperonotherapy by replacement when it is defective or by inhibition when it is pathogenic....

Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor (SLPI) functionality in health and disease: Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor of cathepsin G, trypsin and chymotrypsin, but primarily against neutrophil elastase. Its major function is to inhibit inflammation by blocking the proteolytic activity of these proteinases released by leukocytes and also through down-modulation of several cytokines. The anti-inflammatory activity is also mediated by inhibition of the activation of the transcription nuclear factor NF-kB. Some studies localized the molecule within the cytosol and in secondary granules of neutrophils. Because of this, it is believed that neutrophil-derived SLPI may regulate the protease/antiprotease balance at sites of tissue inflammation. In relation with the adaptive immune system, it was suggested that SLPI modulates the cellular and humoral immune response, by decreasing the T cell proliferation and reducing the class switching. Also, it is known that this polycationic non-glycosylated peptide, displays anti-microbial properties against bacteria, viruses (in particular HIV) and fungus. In summary, the SLPI is a pleitropic molecule, implicated in physiological and pathological events, such as wound healing, pregnancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, ischemia reperfusion injury and stroke, among others. Their detection in serum and biological fluids may be useful as a biomarker to diagnosis and prognosis for certain diseases....

Review on translocations in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma...

Review on the ECM1 gene...

FAM107 members contain an N-terminal domain of unknown function (DUF1151) that is conserved across species. Mammals have two genes, FAM107A and FAM107B, which expressions are strong in neural cells, whereas their expressions are mostly down-regulated in cancer cells. Both proteins appear to alter cytoskeleton rearrangements and are involved in cell migration and invasion. The molecular mechanisms underlying the diverse biological functions of FAM107 remain unclear, while it shows functional similarity with heat-shock proteins (HSPs) as well as reactions to cellular stress....