Lymphoma remains the most frequent neoplastic cause of death among HIV-infected individuals. Lymphomas in patients infected with HIV are heterogeneous, not only pathologically but also in terms of pathogenetic pathways and cellular derivation. This CARD summarizes the association of the different types of HIV-associated lymphomas with known genetic lesions and/or oncogenic viruses. In the setting of HIV infection different, but not mutually exclusive, pathogenic pathways might occur. For a distinct pathway of AIDS-related lymphomagenesis there can be multiple associated genetic lesions in the tumor. Several of the HIV-associated lymphomas are also related to EBV and/or KSHV (HHV-8) infection....